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Uss Constitution Clipart Uss Constitution Clipartn Easy

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Koordinat: 42°22′19.5″N 71°03′20.08″W  /  42.372083°N 71.0555778°W  / 42.372083; -71.0555778

USS Constitution fires a 17-gun salute.jpg

Constitution, dressed overall, fires a 17-gun salute in Boston Harbor, 4 July 2014
Sejarah
Amerika Serikat
Nama USS Constitution
Asal nama Konstitusi Amerika Serikat[1]
Dipesan 1 Maret 1794
Pembangun Galangan kapal Edmund Hartt
Biaya $302,718[2]
Pasang lunas 1 November 1794
Diluncurkan 21 Oktober 1797
Pelayaran perdana 22 Juli 1798[3]
Ganti nama
  • Old Constitution 1917
  • Constitution 1925
Reklasifikasi
  • IX-21, 1941
  • Tanpa kalsifikasi, 1 September 1975
Pelabuhan daftar Charlestown Navy Yard[2]
Identifikasi
  • Kode huruf: NAPJ[4]
  • ICS November.svg ICS Alpha.svg ICS Papa.svg ICS Juliet.svg
Julukan Old Ironsides
Status Aktif
Catatan Komandan pertama: Kapten Samuel Nicholson
Lencana USS Constitution crest.png
Ciri-ciri umum (ketika dibangun c. 1797)
Jenis 44-gun frigat kelas-United States
Tonase 1,576[5]
Berat benaman 2,200 ton[5]
Panjang
  • 304 ft (93 m) bowsprit to spanker[6]
  • 207 ft (63 m) billet head to taffrail[6]
  • 175 ft (53 m) at waterline[2]
Lebar 43 ft 6 in (13,26 m)
Tinggi
  • foremast: 198 ft (60 m)
  • mainmast: 220 ft (67 m)
  • mizzenmast: 1.725 ft (526 m)[2]
Sarat air
  • 21 ft (6,4 m) forward
  • 23 ft (7,0 m) aft[5]
    • Kedalaman palka 14 ft 3 in (4,34 m)[1]
    Dek Orlop, Berth, Gun, Spar
    Pendorong Layar (tiga tiang, ship rig)
    Tata layar 42.710 sq ft (3.968 m2) on three masts[2]
    Kecepatan 13 knot (24 km/h; 15 mph)[7]
    Kapal dan pesawat
    yang diangkut
    • 1 × 36 ft (11 m) longboat
    • 2 × 30 ft (9,1 m) cutters
    • 2 × 28 ft (8,5 m) whaleboats
    • 1 × 28 ft (8,5 m) gig
    • 1 × 22 ft (6,7 m) jolly boat
    • 1 × 14 ft (4,3 m) punt[2]
    Awak kapal 450 termasuk 55 Marinir dan 30 anak-anak (1797)[2]
    Senjata
    • 30 × 24-pounder (11 kg) long gun
    • 20 × 32-pounder (15 kg) carronade
    • 2 × 24-pounder (11 kg) bow chasers[2]

    USS Constitution (Frigate)

    U.S. National Register of Historic Places

    U.S. National Historic Landmark
    Letak: Pangkalan AL Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
    Luas < 1 hektar
    Dibangun: 1797
    Arsitek: Joshua Humphreys
    Pihak pengelola: Federal
    NRHP Reference#: 66000789[8]
    Dimasukkan ke NRHP: 15 Oktober 1966

    USS Constitution , atau juga dikenal sebagai Old Ironsides , adalah kapal berbahan kayu dengan tiga layar jenis frigat milik Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Kapal ini merupakan kapal angkatan laut tertua yang masih beroperasi.[Note 1]

    Sejarah [sunting | sunting sumber]

    Karier aktif [sunting | sunting sumber]

    USS Constitution dibuat pada tahun 1797, salah satu dari 6 frigat pertama AL AS, dan kapal ketiga yang dibangun. Nama "Constitution" (Konstitusi) adalah salah satu dari 10 nama yang diberikan kepada Presiden George Washington untuk dipilih.[10] [11] Pembuat kapal ini mendesain frigat ini lebih besar dan bersenjata lebih banyak daripada frigat standar pada masanya. Tugasnya yang pertama adalah melindungi kapal-kapal dagang AS yang berlayar, dan untuk mengalahkan bajak laut di Perang Barbaria Pertama.

    Constitution dikenang atas aksinya selama Perang 1812 melawan Britania Raya, ketika ia menangkap banyak kapal pedagang, dan mengalahkan lima kapal perang Britania Raya: HMS Guerriere, Java, Pictou, Cyane, dan Levant. Peperangan dengan Guerriere memberinya julukan "Old Ironsides" dan pujian dari publik, yang telah berulang kali menyelamatkannya dari pembongkaran. Kapal tersebut terus berpatroli di daerah Laut Tengah dan Afrika, dan mengelilingi dunia pada tahun 1840-an.

    Selama Perang Saudara, USS Constitution menjadi kapal latih di Akademi AL AS. USS Constitution juga membawa karya seni dan industri AS untuk dipajang di Paris Expo 1878.

    Setelah pensiun [sunting | sunting sumber]

    Constitution dipensiunkan pada tahun 1881 dan menjadi kapal museum pada tahun 1907. Pada tahun 1934, Constitutioni menyelesaikan tur 3 tahun, 90 kota di AS. Kapal ini berlayar lagi pada tahun 1997, memperingati 200 tahun usianya, dan sekali lagi pada bulan Agustus 2012 untuk memperingati 200 tahun kemenangannya atas Guerriere.

    Misi Constitution saat ini adalah untuk mempromosikan peranan AL AS di masa perang dan damai, melalui penjangkauan edukasi, demonstrasi historis, dan partisipasi aktif di even-even publik. Sebagai kapal AL yang diawaki penuh, awak kapalnya terdiri dari 60 kru dan pelaut, yang berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan seremonial, pendidikan, dan acara-acara khusus lainnya, selain memberikan tur gratis bagi pengunjung sepanjang tahun, biasanya di Galangan Kapal Charlestown di Boston, Massachussets.

    Galeri foto [sunting | sunting sumber]

    • USS Constitution underway

      USS Constitution underway

    • Inside USS Constitution in 2015

      Inside USS Constitution in 2015

    • A photo of a ship without sails. There is white cannon smoke emitting from the left and right sides of the ship. A tugboat is alongside

      Constitution fires a 21-gun salute toward Fort Independence

    • USS Constitution in dry dock for restoration work in 2016

      USS Constitution in dry dock for restoration work in 2016

    • USS Constitution in dock, 2018

      USS Constitution in dock, 2018

    Komandan kapal [sunting | sunting sumber]

    Berikut ini 80 komandan kapal Constitution sejak 1797.[12]

    Nama Pangkat Mulai Berakhir
    Samuel Nicholson Captain 7/22/1798 6/5/1799
    Silas Talbot Captain 6/5/1799 9/8/1801
    Nathaniel Haraden Sailing Master 6/30/1802 5/14/1803
    Edward Preble Captain 5/14/1803 10/28/1804
    Stephen Decatur Captain 10/28/1804 11/9/1804
    John Rodgers Captain 11/9/1804 5/30/1806
    Hugh George Campbell Captain 5/30/1806 12/8/1807
    John Rodgers Captain 2/20/1809 6/17/1810
    Isaac Hull Captain 6/17/1810 9/15/1812
    William Bainbridge Captain 9/15/1812 7/18/1813
    Charles Stewart Captain 7/18/1813 7/16/1815
    Jacob Jones Captain 4/1/1821 5/31/1824
    Thomas Macdonough Captain 5/31/1824 10/14/1825
    Daniel Todd Patterson Captain 10/14/1825 12/5/1825
    George Campbell Read Captain 1/23/1826 2/21/1826
    Daniel Todd Patterson Captain 2/21/1826 7/19/1828
    Jesse Duncan Elliott Captain 3/3/1835 8/18/1838
    Daniel Turner Captain 3/1/1839 11/8/1841
    Foxhall Alexander Parker Sr. Captain 7/15/1842 2/16/1843
    John Percival Captain 12/13/1843 10/5/1846
    John Gwinn Captain 10/9/1848 9/4/1849
    James H. Rowan Lieutenant 9/4/1849 9/18/1849
    Thomas Anderson Conover Captain 9/18/1849 1/16/1851
    John Singleton Rudd Commander 12/22/1852 6/15/1855
    David Dixon Porter Lieutenant 8/1/1860 8/22/1860
    George Washington Rodgers II Lieutenant 9/20/1860 9/23/1861
    Edward Phelps Lull Lieutenant 9/23/1861 12/15/1863
    Henry Martin Blue Lieutenant 12/15/1863 4/16/1864
    Philip Carrigan Johnson Jr. Lieutenant Commander 4/16/1864 2/16/1866
    Edmund Matthews Lieutenant Commander 2/16/1866 2/26/1866
    Thomas Henderson Eastman Lieutenant Commander 2/26/1866 11/6/1867
    George Dewey Lieutenant Commander 11/6/1867 8/1/1870
    Henry Lycurgis Howison Lieutenant Commander 8/1/1870 9/19/1871
    Henry A. Adams Jr. Captain 1/13/1877 8/15/1877
    James Augustin Greer Captain 8/15/1877 8/23/1877
    Reigart Boliver Lowry Captain 8/23/1877 9/5/1877
    Augustus Paul Cooke Commander 9/5/1877 1/9/1878
    Oscar C. Badger Captain 1/9/1878 8/2/1879
    Francis H. Baker Captain 8/2/1879 9/25/1879
    Oscar Fitzalon Stanton Captain 10/1/1879 6/14/1881
    Edwin Malcolm Shepard Commander 6/14/1881 12/14/1881
    John William Powers Lieutenant 5/20/1905 5/22/1905
    Louis Joseph Gulliver Commander 7/1/1931 6/8/1934
    Hermann Pierce Knickerbocker Lieutenant Commander 8/24/1940 12/1/1941
    Clarence Earl McBride Lieutenant 12/1/1941 3/27/1945
    Owen William Huff Lieutenant Commander 3/27/1945 7/8/1947
    Harry Corrolli Lieutenant 7/8/1947 12/1/1947
    Louis Everette Wood Chief Warrant Officer 12/1/1947 3/11/1950
    Knud Haabendal Christensen Chief Warrant Officer 3/11/1950 4/30/1952
    Albert C. Messier Lieutenant 4/30/1952 6/22/1954
    Charles William Morris Lieutenant 6/22/1954 4/25/1957
    David G. O'Brien Lieutenant Junior Grade 4/25/1957 3/31/1959
    Edward Joseph Melanson Jr. Lieutenant Junior Grade 3/31/1959 7/1/1960
    Victor Bernard Stevens Jr. Lieutenant 7/1/1960 8/29/1963
    John Christopher Kelleher Lieutenant 8/29/1963 6/28/1965
    Joseph Clark Grew II Lieutenant 6/28/1965 4/28/1967
    Hugh Albert Moore Commander 3/27/1969 10/30/1970
    Jack Loren Reifschneider Commander 10/30/1970 8/20/1971
    John David McKinnon Commander 8/20/1971 12/11/1972
    Thomas Coyne Commander 12/11/1972 8/6/1974
    Tyrone Gabriel Martin Commander 8/6/1974 6/30/1978
    Robert Leo Gillen Commander 6/30/1978 9/26/1980
    Herman Otto Sudholz Commander 9/26/1980 6/22/1985
    Joseph Zachariah Brown Commander 6/22/1985 7/8/1987
    David Matthew Cashman Commander 8/1/1987 9/21/1991
    Richard Bradford Amirault Commander 9/21/1991 7/29/1995
    Michael Charles Beck Commander 7/29/1995 7/26/1997
    Christopher Allan Melhuish Commander 7/26/1997 7/30/1999
    William Feeny Foster Jr. Commander 7/30/1999 8/11/2001
    Randall Allan Neal Commander 8/11/2001 7/19/2003
    Lewin C. Wright Commander 7/19/2003 7/30/2005
    Thomas C. Graves Commander 7/30/2005 5/10/2007
    William A. Bullard III Commander 5/10/2007 7/24/2009
    Timothy M. Cooper Commander 7/24/2009 7/22/2011
    Matthew Bonner Commander 7/22/2011 7/26/2013
    Sean D. Kearns Commander 7/26/2013 8/14/2015
    Robert S. Gerosa Jr. Commander 8/14/2015 11/3/2017
    Nathaniel R. Shick Commander 11/3/2017 2019
    John Benda Commander 2019

    Catatan [sunting | sunting sumber]

    1. ^ HMS Victory is the oldest commissioned vessel by three decades, but she has been in dry dock since 1922.[9]

    Referensi [sunting | sunting sumber]

    1. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama DANFS
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama USNFF
    3. ^ Jennings (1966), p. 36.
    4. ^ "Miscellaneous Photo Index". www.navsource.org . Diakses tanggal 20 July 2017.
    5. ^ a b c Hollis (1900), p. 39.
    6. ^ a b "FAQ: How big is Constitution?". USS Constitution Museum . Diakses tanggal 10 September 2013.
    7. ^ "Log Lines". Research and Collections at the USS Constitution Museum . Diakses tanggal 21 August 2015.
    8. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09.
    9. ^ "HMS Victory Service Life". HMS Victory website. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 October 2012.
    10. ^ Pickering, Timothy (14 March 1795). Letter to George Washington. Founders Online, National Archives. Retrieved 25 September 2019
    11. ^ Brodine, Charles E.; Crawford, Michael J.; Hughes, Christine F. (2007). Ironsides! the Ship, the Men and the Wars of the USS Constitution (dalam bahasa Inggris). Fireship Press. hlm. 8. ISBN 9781934757147.
    12. ^ "Commanders of Constitution". USS Constitution Museum. Diakses tanggal November 12, 2019.

    Bibliografi [sunting | sunting sumber]

    • Abbot, Willis J. (1896). The Naval History of the United States. 1. Peter Fenelon Collier. OCLC 3453791.
    • —— (1896). The Naval History of the United States. 2. Peter Fenelon Collier. OCLC 3453791.
    • Allen, Gardner Weld (1905). Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs. Boston, New York and Chicago: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 2618279.
    • —— (1909). Our Naval War With France. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 1202325.
    • "The Naval War of 1812 Illustrated". Video Produced by American Society of Marine Artists. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 June 2014. Diakses tanggal 17 June 2014.
    • Beach, Edward L. (1986). The United States Navy: 200 Years. New York: H. Holt. ISBN 978-0-03-044711-2. OCLC 12104038.
    • Carpenter, Edward, J. (November 1897). "Old Ironsides". The New England Magazine (Uncorrected OCR text). 23 (3): 263–282.
    • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (edisi ke-Rev.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
    • Fitz-Enz, David G. (2004). Old Ironsides: Eagle of the Sea: The Story of the USS Constitution. Lanham: Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58979-160-2. OCLC 54778453.
    • Gardiner, Robert (2006). Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-292-4. OCLC 65768049.
    • Hill, Frederic Stanhope (1905). Twenty-Six Historic Ships. The Knickerbocker Press. OCLC 1667284.
    • Hollis, Ira N. (1900). The Frigate Constitution; The Central Figure of the Navy Under Sail. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 2350400.
    • Jennings, John (1966). Tattered Ensign The Story of America's Most Famous Fighting Frigate, U.S.S. Constitution. Thomas Y. Crowell. OCLC 1291484.
    • Maclay, Edgar Stanton; Smith, Roy Campbell (1898) [1893]. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898. 1 (edisi ke-New). New York: D. Appleton. OCLC 609036.
    • —— (1898) [1893]. A History of the United States Navy, from 1775 to 1898. 2 (edisi ke-New). New York: D. Appleton. OCLC 609036.
    • Martin, Tyrone G. (1997). A Most Fortunate Ship: A Narrative History of "Old Ironsides". Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-588-0. OCLC 243901224.
    • Roosevelt, Theodore (1883) [1882]. The Naval War of 1812 or The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain (edisi ke-3rd). New York: G.P. Putnam's sons. OCLC 133902576.
    • Tashjian, James H. (Autumn 1975). "A Bicentennial History of the Armenian Community of Massachusetts". Armenian Review. Boston: Hairenik Association. 28 (3–111).
    • Toll, Ian W (2006). Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the US Navy. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5. OCLC 70291925.
    • Tracy, Nicholas (2006). Who's who in Nelson's Navy: 200 Naval Heroes. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-244-3. OCLC 238896527.
    • Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. St. Paul: Seaforth / MBI. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6. OCLC 216617748.

    Further reading [sunting | sunting sumber]

    • Bibliography of early American naval history
    • Cooper, James Fenimore (May 1853). "Old Ironsides". Putnam's Monthly. I (V).
    • Hoyt, Edwin Palmer (2000). Old Ironsides (Large Print). Thorndike: G.K. Hall. ISBN 978-0-7838-9151-4. OCLC 44468774.
    • Humphreys, Assheton Y. (2000). Tyrone G. Martin, ed. The USS Constitution's Finest Fight: The Journal of Acting Chaplain Assheton Humphreys, US Navy. Mount Pleasant: Nautical & Aviation Publishing. ISBN 978-1-877853-60-9. OCLC 44632941.
    • Wachtel, Roger (2003). Old Ironsides (Elementary and Junior High School). New York: Childrens Press. ISBN 978-0-516-24207-1. OCLC 50035427.

    Pranala luar [sunting | sunting sumber]

    • Situs web resmi
    • The Captain's Clerk Diarsipkan 2012-08-23 di Wayback Machine.—Extensive sources including ship logs, personnel rosters and research information
    • Constitution and Grebe in Houston, 1932
    • Maritimequest Constitution Photo Gallery

    Templat:US Constitution

    sheahanwhisn1966.blogspot.com

    Source: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Constitution

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